The Emperors
When it comes to the Roman Emperors, many of us ask "Who's who?" The following is a list of emperors by their common name, their full name, and their name as most commonly seen on their coinage. For now, this list will consist of the emperors from Augustus through Romulus Augustus in 476 A.D. (the technical end of the Empire). This list is not comprehensive, but merely a starting point in attributing coins and reading inscriptions. For consistency in use, the full names and inscriptions will be written as they would have been in the orginal Latin.
Common Name | Full Name | On Inscriptions |
Date |
Augustus | CAIVS IVLIVS CAESAR OCTAVIANVS | AVGVSTVS
CAESAR AVGVSTVS |
27 B.C.E-14 C.E. |
Tiberius | TIBERIVS CLAVDIVS NERO | TI CAES AVGVSTVS | 14-37 C.E. |
Caligula | CAIVS CAESAR | C CAESAR | 37-41 C.E. |
Claudius I | TIBERIVS CLAVDIVS DRVSVS | TI CLAVD CAES | 41-54 C.E. |
Nero | NERO CLAVDIVS CAESAR DRVSVS BRITTANICVS | NERO CAES AVG
NERO CLAVDIVS CAESAR |
54-68 C.E. |
Galba | SERVIVS SVLPICIVS GALBA | SER GALBA IMP CAES
IMP SER GALBA AVG |
68-69 C.E. |
Otho | MARCVS SALVIVS OTHO | IMP M OTHO CAES | 69 C.E. |
Vitellius | AVLVS VITELLIVS | A VITELLIVS GERMANICVS | 69 C.E. |
Vespasian | TITVS FLAVIVS SABINVS VESPASIANVS | IMP CAES VESP | 69-79 C.E. |
Titus | TITVS FLAVIVS SABINVS VESPASIANVS | T CAES IMP
IMP T CAES VESP |
79-81 C.E. |
Domitian | TITVS FLAVIVS DOMITIANVS | IMP CAES DOMIT | 81-96 C.E. |
Nerva | MARCVS COCCEIVS NERVA | IMP NERVA CAES | 96-98 C.E. |
Trajan | MARCVS VLPIVS TRAIANVS | IMP TRAIANO AVG
IMP CAES NERVAE TRAIANO |
98-117 C.E. |
Hadrian | PVBLIVS AELIVS HADRIANVS | HADRIANVS AVG | 117-138 C.E. |
Antoninus Pius | TITVS AELIVS HADRIANVS ANTONINVS | IMP T AEL CAES HADRIANVS ANTONINVS
ANTONINVS AVG PIVS |
138-161 C.E. |
Marcus Aurelius | MARCVS AELIVS AVRELIVS VERVS | IMP CAES M AVREL ANTONINVS | 161-180 C.E. |
Lucius Verus | LVCIVS AVRELIVS VERVS | IMP CAES L AVREL VERVS | 161-169 C.E. |
Commondus | LVCIVS AVRELIVS COMMODVS | L AVREL COMMODVS | 180-192 C.E. |
Pertinax | PVBLIVS HELVIVS PERTINAX | IMP CAES P HELV PERTINAX | 193 C.E. |
Didius Julianus | MARCVS DIDIVS SALVIVS IVLIANVS | IMP CAES M DID SEVER IVLIAN | 193 C.E. |
Pescennius Neger | CAIVS PESCENNIVS NIGER | IMP CAES C PESCENNIVS NIGER | 193-194 C.E. |
Clodius Albinus | DECIMVS CLODIVS CEIONIVS SEPTIMIVS ALBINVS | IMP D CL SEP ALB
IMP CAES D CL SEP ALB |
195-197 C.E. |
Septimius Severus | LVCIVS SEPTIMIVS SEVERVS | L SEPT SEV | 193-211 C.E. |
Caracalla | MARCVS AVRELIVS ANTONINVS | IMP CAES M AVR ANTON
ANT PIVS AVG |
198-217 C.E. |
Geta | LVCIVS or PVBLIVS SEPTIMIVS GETA | P SEPT GETA CAES
IMP CAES P SEPT GETA L SPETIMIVS GETA CAES |
209-212 C.E. |
Macrinus | MARCVS OPELIVS SEVERVS MACRINVS | IMP C M OPEL MACRINVS | 217-218 C.E. |
Diadumenian | MARCVS OPELIVS ANTONINVS DIADVMENIANAVS | M OPEL ANTONINVS DIADVMENIANVS | 218 C.E. |
Elagabalus | MARCVS AVRELIVS ANTONINVS | IMP ANTONINVS
ANTONINVS PIVS FEL |
218-222 C.E. |
Severus Alexander | MARCVS AVRELIVS SEVERVS ALEXANDER | IMP SEV ALEXANDER
IMP C M AVR SEV ALEXANDER |
222-235 C.E. |
Maximinus | CAIVS IVLIVS VERVS MAXIMINVS | IMP MAXIMINVS PIVS AVG | 235-238 C.E. |
Maximus (Caesar) | CAIVS IVLIVS VERVS MAXIMVS | C IVL VERVS MAXIMVS | 235-238 C.E. |
Gordian I | MARCVS ANTONIVS GORDIANVS | IMP CAES M ANT GORDIANVS | 238 C.E. |
Gordian II | MARCVS ANTONIANVS GORDIANVS | IMP CAES M ANT GORDIANVS | 238 C.E. |
Balbinus | DECIMVS CAELIVS BALBINVS | IMP C D CAEL BALBINVS | 238 C.E. |
Pupienus | MARCVS CLODIVS PVPIENVS MAXIMVS | IMP CAES PVPIEN
IMP C M CLOD PVPIENVS |
238 C.E. |
Gordian III Pius | MARCVS ANTONIVS GORDIANVS | IMP GORDIANVS PIVS | 238-244 C.E. |
Philip I | MARCVS IVLIVS PHILIPPVS | IMP PHILIPPVS AVG | 244-249 C.E. |
Philip II | MARCVS IVLIVS PHILIPPVS | IMP M IVL PHILLIPPVS | 247-249 C.E. |
Pacatian | TIBERIVS CLAVDIVS MARINUS PACATIAN | IMP TI CL MAR PACATIAN | 248 C.E. |
Jotapian | MARCVS FVLVIVS RVFVS IOTAPIANVS | ||
Trajan Decius | CAIVS MESSIVS QVINTVS TRAIANVS DECIVS | IMP TRAIANVS DECIVS | 249-251 C.E. |
Herennius Etruscus | QVINTVS HERENNIVS ETRVSCVS MESSIVS DECIVS | Q HER ETR MES DECIVS | 251 C.E. |
Hostilian | CAIVS VALENS HOSTILIANVS MESSIVS QVINTVS | C VALENS HOSTIL MES QVINTVS | 251 C.E. |
Trebonianus Gallus | CAIVS VIBIVS TREBONIANVS GALLVS | IM C C TREBONIANVS GALLVS | 251-53 C.E. |
Volusian | CAIVS VIBIVS VOLVSIANVS TREBONIANVS GALLVS | IMP CAE C VIB VOLVSIANO | 251-53 C.E. |
Aemilian | MARCVS AEMILIVS AEMILIANVS | IMP CAES AEMILIANVS | 253 C.E. |
Uranius Antoninus | LVCVIS IVLIVS AVRELIVS SVLPICIVS VRANIVS ANTONINVS | L IVL AVR SVLP VRA A | 253-54 C.E. |
Valerian | PVBLIVS LICINIVS VALERIANVS | 253-260 C.E. | |
Gallienus | PVBLIVS LICINIVS EGNATIVS GALLIENVS | IMP C D LIC GALLIENVS | 253-268 C.E. |
Valerian II (Caesar) | PVBLIVS CORNELIVS LICINIVS VALERIANVS | P CORNELIVS LICINIVS VALERIANVS | 253-255 C.E. |
Saloninus | PVBLIVS LICINIVS CORNELIVS SALONINVS VALERIANVS | P LICINIVS CORNELIVS SALONINVS | 259 C.E. |
Macrianus | FVLVIVS IVLIVS MACRIANVS | IMP C FVL MACRIANVS | 260-61 C.E. |
Quietus | FVLVIVS IVLIVS QVIETVS | IMP C FVL QVIETVS | 260-61 C.E. |
Regalianus | PVBLIVS CAIVS REGALIANVS | IMP C P Q REGALIANVS | c. 260 C.E. |
Postumus | MARCVS CASSIENVS LATINIVS POSTVMVS | IMP C POSTVMVS | 259-68 C.E. |
Laelianus | VLPIVS CORNELIVS LAELIANVS | IMP C LAELIANVS | 268 C.E. |
Marius | MARCVS AVRELIVS MARIVS | M AVR MARIVS | 268 C.E. |
Victorinus | MARCVS PIAVVONIVS VICTORINVS | IMP C PIAV VICTORINVS | 268-70 C.E. |
Tetricus I | CAIVS PIVS ESVVIVS TETRICVS | IMP C TETRICVS | 270-73 C.E. |
Tetricus II | CAIVS PIVS ESVVIVS TETRICVS | IMP C TETRICVS | 270-73 C.E. |
Claudius II | MARCVS AVRELIVS CLAVDIVS | IMP C CLAVDIVS | 268-70 C.E. |
Quintillus | MARCVS AVRELIVS CLAVDIVS QVINTILLVS | 270 C.E. | |
Aurelian | LVCIVS DOMITIVS AVRELIANVS | IMP C L DOM AVRELIANVS | 270-75 C.E. |
Vabalathus | VABALATHVS | V C R IM D R | 271-72 C.E. |
Tacitus | MARCVS CLAVDIVS TACITVS | IMP C M CL TACITVS | 275-76 C.E. |
Florianus | MARCVS ANNIVS FLORIANVS | IMP C M AN FLORIANVS | 276 C.E. |
Probus | MARCVS AVRELIVS PROBVS | IMP C PROBVS | 276-82 C.E. |
Bonosus | M C BONOSVS VA | c. 280 C.E. | |
Saturninus | SEXTVS IVLIVS SATVRNINVS | c. 280 C.E. | |
Carus | MARCVS AVRELIVS CARVS | IMP C M AVR CARVS | 282-83 C.E. |
Numerian | MARCVS AVRELIVS NVMERIANVS | M AVR NVMERIANVS | 283-84 C.E. |
Carinus | MARCVS AVRELIVS CARINVS | M AVR CARINVS | 283-85 C.E. |
Julian I of Pannonia | MARCVS AVRELIVS IVLIANVS | 284-85 C.E. | |
Diocletian | CAIVS VALERIVS DIOCLETIANVS | IMP C DIOCLETIANVS | 284-305 C.E. |
Amandus | IMP S AMANDVS P F AVG | 285-86 C.E. | |
Carausius | MARCVS AVRELIVS MAVSAEVS CARAVSIVS | IMP CARAVSIVS PF AVG | 287-93 C.E. |
Allectus | IMP C ALLECTVS P F AVG | 293-96 C.E. | |
Domitius Domitianus | LVCIVS DOMITIVS DOMITIANVS | IMP C L DOMITIANVS | 296-97 C.E. |
Maximianus | MARCVS AVRELIVS VALERIUS MAXIMIANVS | IMP C MAXIMIANVS AVG | 286-310 C.E. |
Constantius I (Chlorus) | FLAVIVS VALERIVS CONSTANTIVS | FL VAL CONSTANTIVS | 305-06 C.E. |
Galerius | GALERIVS VALERIVS MAXIMIANVS | GAL VAL MAXIMIANVS | 305-11 C.E. |
Severus II | FLAVIVS VALERIVS SEVERVS | FL VAL SEVERVS | 306-07 C.E. |
Maximinus II | GALERIVS VALERIVS MAXIMINVS | GAL VAL MAXIMINVS | 309-13 C.E. |
Licinius I | PVBLIVS FLAVIVS GALERIVS VALERIVS LICIANVS LICINIVS | IMP C VAL LICIN LICINIVS | 308-24 C.E. |
Licinius II | PVBLIVS FLAVIVS VALERIVS LICIANVS LICINIVS | LICINIVS IVN | 317-24 C.E. |
Valens | AVRELIVS VALERIVS VALENS | IMP C AVR VAL VALENS P F AVG | 314 C.E. |
Martinian | MARCVS MARTINIANVS | D N MARTINIANVS | 324 C.E. |
Constantine I | FLAVIVS VALERIVS CONSTANTINVS | CONSTANTINVS MAX AVG
IMP CONSTANTINVS |
307-37 C.E. |
Crispus (Caesar) | FLAVIVS IVLIVS CRISPVS | 317-26 C.E. | |
Delmatius (Caesar) | FLAVIVS IVLIVS DELMATIVS | 335-37 C.E. | |
Hanniballianus (Rex) | FLAVIVS CLAVDIVS HANNIBALLIANVS REX | FL CL HANNIBALLIANO REGI | 335-37 C.E. |
Constantine II | FLAVIVS CLAVDIVS CONSTANTINVS | FL CL CONSTANTINVS IVN | 337-40 C.E. |
Constans | FLAVIVS IVLIVS CONSTANS | FL IVL CONSTANS | 337-50 C.E. |
Constantius II | FLAVIVS IVLIVS CONSTANTIVS | FL IVL CONSTANTIVS
D N CONSTANTIVS |
337-61 C.E. |
Magnentius | FLAVIVS MAGNVS MAGNENTIVS | IMP CAES MAGNENTIVS | 350-53 C.E. |
Decentius | MAGNVS DECENTIVS | MAG DECENTIVS | 351-53 C.E. |
Vetranio | 350 C.E. | ||
Nepotian | FLAVIVS IVLIVS POPILIVS CONSTANTINVS NEPOTIANVS | FL NEP CONSTANTINVS | 350 C.E. |
Constantius Gallus | FLAVIVS CLAVDIVS CONSTANTIVS | D N CONSTANTINVS NOB CAES | 351-54 C.E. |
Julian II | FLAVIVS CLAVDIVS IVLIANVS | FL CL IVLIANVS | 360-63 C.E. |
Jovian | FLAVIVS IOVIANVS | D N IOVIANVS | 363-64 C.E. |
Valentinian I | FLAVIVS VALENTINIANVS | D N VALENTINIANVS | 364-75 C.E |
Valens | FLAVIVS VALENS | 364-78 C.E. | |
Procopius | D N PROCOPIVS P F AVG | 365-66 C.E. | |
Gratian | FLAVIVS GRATIANVS | D N GRATIAN | 367-83 C.E. |
Valentinian II | FLAVIVS VALENTINIANVS | 375-92 C.E. | |
Theodosius I | FLAVIVS THEODOSIVS | D N THEODOSIVS | 379-95 C.E. |
Magnus Maximus | MAGNVS CLEMENS MAXIMVS | D N MAG MAXIMVS | 383-88 C.E. |
Flavius Victor | FLAVIVS VICTOR | D N FL VICTOR P F AVG | 387-88 C.E. |
Eugenius | D N EVGENIVS P F AVG | 392-94 C.E. | |
Arcadius | FLAVIVS ARCADIVS | D N ARCADIVS P F AVG | 383-408 C.E. |
Honorius | FLAVIVS HONORIVS | D N HONORIVS P F AVG | 393-423 C.E. |
Constantine II | D N CONST P F AVG | 407-11 C.E. | |
Constans | D D CONST P F AVG | 408-11 C.E. | |
Maximus | IVLIVS VERVS MAXIMVS | C IVL VERVS MAXIMVS
D N MAXIMVS P F AVG |
409-11 C.E. |
Priscus Attalus | PRISCVS ATTALVS P F AVG | 409-10 C.E.
414-15 C.E. |
|
Jovinus | D N IOVINVS P F AVG | 411-13 C.E. | |
Sebastianus | D N SEBASTIANVS P F AVG | 412-13 C.E. | |
Constantius III | FLAVIVS CONSTANTIVS | D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG | 421 C.E. |
Johannes | D N IOHANNES P F AVG | 423-25 C.E. | |
Theodosius II | D N THEODOSIUS P F AVG | 402-50 C.E. | |
Valentinian III | PLACIDVS VALENTINANVS | D N PLA VALENTINIANVS P F AVG | 425-55 C.E. |
Marcian | D N MARCIANVS P F AVG | 450-57 C.E. | |
Petronius Maximus | D N PETRONIVS MAXIMVS P F AVG | 455 C.E. | |
Avitus | MARCVS MAECILIVS FLAVIVS EPARCHIVS AVITVS | D N AVITVS PERP F AVG | 455-56 C.E. |
Leo I | D N LEO PERPET AVG | 457-74 C.E. | |
Leo II | D N LEO ET ZENO P P AVG | 473-74 C.E. | |
Majorian | IVLIVS VALERIANVS MAIORIANVS | D N IVLIVS MAIORIANVS P F AVG | 457-61 C.E. |
Severus III | LIBIVS SEVERVS | D N LIBIVS SEVERVS P F AVG | 461-65 C.E. |
Anthemius Procopius | D N ANTHEMIVS P F AVG | 467-72 C.E. | |
Olybius | ANCIVS OLYBRIVS | D N ANCIVS OLYBRIVS AVG | 472 C.E. |
Glycerius | D N GLYCERIVS P F AVG | 473-74 C.E. | |
Julius Nepos | D N IVLIVS NEPOS P F AVG | 474-75 C.E. | |
Romulus Augustus | D N ROMVLVS AVGVSTVS P F AVG | 475-76 C.E. |